An optimal configuration for hybrid SOFC,gas turbine,and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer using a developed Aquila Optimizer

In this research, a technical, economic and environmental analysis has been proposed to a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system-based hybrid system including biomass, gas turbine, and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer. A multi-objective optimization technique has been utilized to improve the overall product cost and the exergy effectiveness based on a developed version of Aquila Optimizer (DAO). The main idea of using the developed version is to improve the accuracy and the precision of the original Aquila optimizer. The system is then authenticated in terms of energy/exergy effectiveness, and energy-economic efficiency. The achievements indicate that employing the optimization algorithm for different configurations provided satisfying results for the system.     

不同温度钻井液浸泡岩石对其表面形貌的影响

为揭示钻井液浸泡岩石产生表面形貌损伤引起井壁失稳，选取砂岩、页岩岩样，利用三维光学显微镜，对不同温度钻井液浸泡作用前后的岩石表面形貌进行测试，定量分析其特征参数，探讨温度对岩石表面形貌的影响机制及损伤度。结果表明:随温度的升高，特征参数S_a、S_q、S_k整体上呈增大趋势，特征参数S_r整体上呈减小趋势，导致其形貌轮廓的粗糙度、离散性、波动性增加，轮廓起伏度降低，对称性优于浸泡前；在30～120 ℃时，形貌损伤度逐渐增加，在120～150 ℃时，形貌损伤度降低，形貌损伤度极值点T_S在120～150 ℃之间。砂岩和页岩的高度特征参数的损伤度大于纹理特征参数的损伤度。      

Molding,patterning and driving liquids with light

When a laser beam induces surface tension gradient at the free surface of a liquid, a weak surface depression is expected and has been observed. Here we report giant depression and rupture in “optothermocapillary fluids” under the illumination of laser and sunlight. Computational fluid dynamics models were developed to understand the surface deformation and provided desirable physical parameters of the fluid for maximum deformation. New optothermocapillary fluids were created by mixing transparent lamp oil with different candle dyes. They can be cut open by sunlight and be patterned to different shapes and sizes using an ordinary laser show projector or a common laser pointer. Laser driving and elevation of optothermocapillary fluids, in addition to the manipulation of different droplets on their surface, were demonstrated as an efficient controlling method and platform for optofluidic operations. The fundamental understanding of light-induced giant depression and creation of new optothermocapillary fluids encourage the fundamental research and applications of optofluidics.     

极限工况下的管网“互联互通”改进方案

在全国天然气管道“主干互联、区域成网”(以下简称“互联互通”)基础格局逐渐形成的背景下,天然气管网规模日益扩大、管道分支和气源增加,并且分布不集中、输送方向可变,使得输气方案更加灵活,可以更好地解决某些地域的供气紧张问题;但受现有站场和设备的限制,暂不能满足某些多线组合极限工况,使得“互联互通”的初衷难以全部实现。为了使得现有的各输气干线在实现“互联互通”之后可以满足更多的多线组合工况,在分析“互联互通”背景下M管网工况变化的基础上,研发了可以进行水力仿真和压气站方案制订的计算软件,并对3种极限工况下的不同输气量情况进行了可行性试算,进而基于试算结果提出了相应的管网改进建议。研究结果表明:(1)经验证,软件计算误差满足要求;(2)在M管道某处增设压气站或在某些输气站场配置压缩机组;(3) M管网改进调整后,可以完成大部分的多线组合极限工况,真正实现“互联互通”的输气方案。结论认为,该研究成果有助于推进全国天然气管网早日实现“互联互通”。     

全局力平衡PDC钻头布齿优化设计

针对聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)钻头在钻井破岩过程中因受力不平衡，导致钻井倾斜、井径扩大、钻头产生横向振动和涡动，造成钻头早期失效的问题，基于已有PDC钻头切削力学知识，构建了PDC钻头弯曲力矩及全局力平衡布齿优化设计模型，并提出模型求解方法。布齿设计实例结果表明，采用全局力平衡布齿设计方法得到的布齿结构可使PDC钻头在不同进尺条件下均能保持全局力平衡状态，尤其低进尺（小于1 mm）时的力平衡状态得到极大改善，提高了PDC钻头的钻井稳定性，对于改善钻头受力、提升钻头使用寿命、提高钻井质量与效率具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地中秋1凝析气藏成藏条件及演化过程

2018年12月,塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带天然气勘探取得重大突破,中秋1井在下白垩统巴什基奇克组测试获高产工业气流,发现了该构造带迄今为止最大的整装凝析气藏。为了给该构造带下一步油气勘探部署提供依据,在充分利用前人研究成果的基础上,基于岩心、薄片、测井及地球化学分析资料,明确了中秋1大型凝析气藏的油气藏特征和气藏类型,分析了该气藏天然气成藏条件并推演其演化过程。研究结果表明:①中秋1大型气藏属于低含凝析油凝析气藏,天然气为煤成气,主要来自区内侏罗系腐殖型煤系烃源岩;②该构造带能够形成大型油气藏的有利地质条件是三叠系和侏罗系发育的两套巨厚高演化烃源岩、白垩系发育的大型辫状河三角洲规模有效砂岩储层、喜马拉雅晚期以来的构造活动形成的大规模楔状叠瓦构造圈闭、古近系和新近系巨厚膏盐岩形成的优越保存条件,以及油气生成与圈闭形成的良好时空匹配;③该气藏具有先油后气、晚期快速气侵聚集成藏的成藏模式,总体上是一个"早期聚油、晚期气侵、改造调整、快速成藏"的成藏过程。结论认为,该构造带油气成藏条件优越,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

Water electrolysis using plate electrodes in an electrode-paralleled non-uniform magnetic field

Compared with other ways to produce hydrogen, water electrolysis is the best way to obtain ultra-pure hydrogen, but its low energy efficiency greatly limits its wide application. It was proved that external magnetic field can reduce energy consumption, thereby increase electrolysis efficiency. Most of the researchers are focused on the impact of uniform magnetic field but few on a non-uniform one. To address the industrial operation reality, in our work, water electrolysis was operated using alkaline solution and plate electrodes in a non-uniform Magnetic field. The results show that a rotational flow on the vertical plane was formed by Lorentz force within the entire cell range. Although the entrainment effect of rotating flow made the cell full of microbubbles, the cell voltage was still reduced. By measuring the voltage difference of cathode side and anode side, we think that the bubble layer in the vicinity of the electrode surface matters the most among the sources of electric resistance. And the velocity distribution near the electrode was measured by PIV, it reveals that MHD flow is the dominant effect on the flow field of the cell. The results show that non-uniform magnetic field has potential merit in industrial electrolysis process.     

海洋非成岩天然气水合物原位快速制备实验及评价

我国的海洋天然气水合物（以下简称水合物）资源主要分布在沿海大陆架水深介于300～3 000 m的深水区，具有弱胶结、非成岩的特征，为了测试和研究该类型水合物必须原位、大量、快速制备样品，而目前常用的搅拌法、喷淋法、鼓泡法等制备技术却存在着生成速度慢、储气密度低等问题。为此，自主设计、研制了1 062 L非成岩水合物快速制备釜，针对我国南海非成岩水合物的物性特征，开展了搅拌法、鼓泡法、喷淋法单一制备方法及“三合一”法（上述3种方法相结合）水合物制备实验，测试了实验过程中温度、压力、电阻率及反应时间等数据，分析比较了几种不同制备方法的水合物生成情况与制备效率。实验结果表明：①搅拌法、鼓泡法、喷淋法制备水合物过程中，生成的水合物均缓慢增加并逐渐铺满整个液面；②搅拌法制备过程中可以观测到明显的诱导期，而喷淋法、鼓泡法及“三合一”法却无明显的诱导期；③单一制备方法及“三合一”法制备水合物过程中，电阻率均随反应时间的增加而增加，其变化趋势亦与水合物制备速率基本一致；④“三合一”法的制备周期明显短于单一制备方法（搅拌法、喷淋法、鼓泡法单一方法的制备时间分别约为“三合一”法的5.14倍、3.59倍、3.16倍）。结论认为，所研制的1 062 L水合物快速制备釜能够实现海洋非成岩水合物样品的原位、快速制备；较之于单一制备方法，“三合一”法大大提高了水合物的制备效率。     

海洋天然气水合物储层拉削开采新方法及可行性分析

针对深水浅层非成岩天然气水合物借鉴刨煤机刨削采煤过程提出一种新的拉削开采方法，参照拉刀结构特点设计了一种集开采、收集和输送为一体的拉削管。建立了拉削开采三维模型，对其工作原理和工作步骤进行了说明。用有限元仿真对采空区和拉削管受力进行了分析。结果表明，岩土力学仿真下采空区开采半径和开采角度的增大都会引起剪切应力的增加，最大剪切应力发生在采空区上部的起始位置和终止位置；在不发生剪切破坏的采空区中选择体积较大者作为理想采空区，估算出拉削开采方法的日产气量为142000 m3，具有应用潜力；开采工况下，拉削管的最大等效应力小于管材的屈服极限，表明开采过程中拉削管处于弹性形变，满足方法需求。     

基于多变量时间序列及向量自回归机器学习模型的水驱油藏产量预测方法

提出了一种基于多变量时间序列(MTS)及向量自回归(VAR)机器学习模型的水驱油藏产量预测方法,并进行了实例应用。该方法在井网分析的基础上通过MTS分析对注采井组数据进行优选,并将井组内不同采出井产油量及注入井注水量作为彼此相关的时间序列,通过建立VAR模型从多个时间序列中提取出相互作用规律,挖掘注采井间流量的依赖关系从而进行产量预测。水驱油藏历史生产数据分析结果表明,与数值模拟历史拟合结果相比,机器学习模型产量预测结果具有更高精度,同时不确定性分析提升了预测结果的安全性。通过脉冲响应分析对注入井的采油贡献量进行评价,可为注水开发方案调整提供理论指导。